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Athenian festivals in the month dell'Ecatombeone

The Hecatombaeon owes its name to the many offers that were made to Apollo, which was dedicated, but it seems that in ancient times was called "CHRONO" that were celebrated by Crone 12.Riguardo the day we only know that these celebrations were slaves celebrated with bloodless sacrifices in honor of Kronos as well as also Rea.
On 27 and 28, Athens, celebrated Small annual Panathenaic, whereas 21 to 29 the Great Panathenaic four-year, falling on the third year of each Olympiad.
The latter, founded by Pisistratus, to flesh out the latest in a most solemn and festive celebration, in which Athens is admired in its traditions and its institutions, religious and civili.Il the celebrations included the first 3 days, musical events, athletic and equestrian, which were all great agony. The gymnastic contests
included wrestling, boxing, Pancrazio, the pentatlo.I great agony ended on 26 with the equestrian gari and winners of the various specialties received a jar of olive oil sacred.
Then came the small shad during the Panathenaic and Small were divided into three main races: the Pyrrhic, and the Evandri lampedromia.
The Pyrrhic dance was armed, in honor of Athena. The
Evandri was a race between Athenian tribes represented by their most beautiful and young stalwart who went in armed re Leocorio procession at the temple here and praised the singing the praises of freedom and Harmodius Aristogitone.I winners of that race were the infantry in solemn procession. The
Evandri was a true liturgy, a service that is supported by private expenditure by one or more private citizens and was the sacred vigil, which ran the lampedromia, running with fiaccole.Si sang, danced, while The moonless night was lit by thousands of torches.
The festivities culminated with the procession to the temple on the Acropolis.

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festival for the ancient Greeks

According to the ancient Greeks the party was the act of existence, perhaps higher, as contemplated and lived the traditional forms of their religion, true acts of existence in which the myth was actualistic forms of life present , as the 'habitual actions "cease.

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Lilith

Lilith is the female demon of Mesopotamian religion is associated with the storm, believed to be the bearer of misfortune, sickness and death. The figure of Lilith first appears in a set of demons and spirits related to the wind and storm, as is the case in the religion of Lilitu Sumerian, about 3000 BC Various scholars date the origin around 700 BC [1]. Lilith appears in the collection of beliefs of Judaism as a demon at night, or as a coquette who launched his scream in the form of so-called King James Bible. In the tradition of Kabbalah, is the name of the first woman created, first mate of Adam and Eve before. His figure, delineated in the Middle Ages, myths and legends dating back to ancient Mesopotamia. In the popular Jewish demon night is dreaded as capable of bringing harm to male children and with the negative aspects of femininity: adultery, witchcraft and lust.

the late 800, in parallel with the increasing empowerment of women in the Western world, the figure of Lilith became the symbol of female to male subjects who do not, and re-evaluated in the neo-pagan religions, is placed next to symbols such as the Great Mother.
Lilith in the mannerism of the fin de siècle English Pre-Raphaelite artist John Collier, 1892
Lilith in the mannerism of the fin de siècle English Pre-Raphaelite artist John Collier, 1892



historical-linguistic connotation

The Mesopotamian Akkadian Lil-itu ("Mrs. air ") may refer to the Sumerian goddess Ninlil (also" lady air "), goddess of the south wind and wife of Enlil. The story of Adapa tells how Adapa had broken the wings of the south wind, action for which he was afraid of being punished with death. In ancient Iraq, the south wind is associated with aggression carried by dust storms in southern and general diseases. The corresponding Akkadian masculine suffixes desinenziali Lilu does not show and is similar to the Sumerian (kiskil-) lilla.

Etymology Jewish
The Akkadian Lilitu and lEbraico לילית (lilith) [2] are feminine adjectives derived from the root proto-Semitic language "night" (with the addition of nisba ta mean "night", "night" ), and translates literally a "being female night demon" [3] [4], although cuneiform inscriptions where Lilith and Lilitu terms appear (as well as in Hebrew) is reported in the aftermath of the aerial spirits who bring disease. The same root - that does not require uniformity א concepts literally - in Hebrew and in Arabia Layla / Leyla, Lela or Lel means "night night".

Folklore

In Jewish folklore, Lilith ט a terrible demon.
on the subject religion This article or section does not cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources (help, join in!). Any additions
unverifiable ע can be questioned and evaluated according to the policies on the use of sources. There

a tradition that is placed around the neck of newborn male with an amulet list the names of three angels (Senoy, and Sansenoy Semangelof) to protect them from Lilith before the circumcision ritual. According to another version you trace a magic circle around the crib with the names of the angels. [Citation needed] Another tradition states that still expects to cut hair for a guy to believe that Lilith is a girl .

An amulet from the 18th or 19th century Persian, a protective charm for a baby, kept in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, depicts Lilith in chains, with "blind Lilith in chains" written under each arm.

Some guys you think teenagers then to cause nocturnal emission which generates demons (jinn in the Arab-Islamic tradition), thus acting as a succubus spirit similar nightmare male female spirit.

These folk customs suggest that Lilith is not the creation of medieval authors, but belongs to ancient beliefs pi ש. In fact there are many symbols connected to the deep that can be found in many cultures combined in different ways, to this day the myth ט even come back to life, in mutated forms, creating new imagery in popular culture, literature, comics, video games.



Lilith Lilith in the Bible only appears once in the Bible, Isaiah 34:14, describing the desolation of Edom.

Hebrew (ISO 259): Page Up ṣiyyim et-ʾ iyyim w-sa ʿ ir ʿ al-r ח ʿ hu yiqra ʾ ak נ am hirgi ʿ ah Lilit u-mas ʾ ah lah Manohar

edition of the CEI, 1974 translated as "Lilith" with "owls"
Wikiquote "Wild Cats will meet with hyenas, the satyrs will call each other and there will also stop the owls will find quiet and stay '

(Isaiah 34:14) [5]

and then continues:
Collaborate articles on "There is the snake will nest Strut א, א you lay eggs, to gather and disclose א א small in his shadow, there will flock also hawks, each seeking the other, no one to wait א. "

(Isaiah 34:15) [5]

What seems to follow the footsteps of the story of the tree huluppu [3]. The book of Isaiah ט dated to the seventh century BC, and the presence of Jews in Babylon would coincide with the attested references to L gi א מ מ you in the Babylonian demonology. Schrader (Jahrbuch f r  Protestantische Theologie, 1. 128) and Levy (ZDMG 9. 470, 484) suggest that Lilith was a deity of the night א, also known as the Jewish exiles in Babylon.

Actually א passages of Genesis were to be speculating on the existence of a woman who preceded Eve explains that a demon Lilith ט, as those spirits harmful created during the first six days of Creation, became demons because י rebelled against the Lord who does not don ע their body as it was instead to Adam and Eve, who is said they were united in one mind before being divided and then trained as first man and first woman א mankind. The creation of man and woman is in fact mentioned in the first chapter:
In the second chapter is then repeated with different words, before the creation of man from the dust of the ground (Genesis 2:7) and then, from Adam's rib (Genesis 2:22), the creation of the woman called Eve.

Torah commentators argue that before Eve was made by the Lord to Adam, the latter not ע Lilit ע did not like that.

The Zohar explains that the demon Lilith, a figure impure, cooperates closely with the angel Satan.

Lilith in the Talmud

Although the Talmudic references to Lilith are sparse, these passages provide the best image of the demon so far found in Jewish literature, which refers to Lilith's Mesopotamian origins and prefigure her future as exegetical enigma of the Genesis. Recalling Lilith we have seen allusions Talmud that they paint as having wings and long hair, going back to the first mention in Gilgamesh:

Pi ש only the Talmud, about Lilith ט his carnalit א unhealthy, alluded to in the "Seductress" but ט expanded without metaphors vague idea of \u200b\u200bdemon that takes the form of a woman for sexual abuse of men during their sleep:
Wikiquote 'R. Hanina said ע can not sleep alone in the house [in a lonely house], and whoever sleeps alone in a house seized by Lilith ט. "

(Shabbat 151B)

However, the design more innovative ש Lilith offered by the Talmud appears in Erubin and ש ט more than likely be responsible for the Lilith myth for centuries to come:
Wikiquote 'R. Jeremiah b. Eleazar also said all those years [130 years expulsion from the Garden of Eden] during which he was banished, Adam gener ע ghosts and evil demons and demons female [demons of the night], as ט said in the Scriptures: "And Adam lived one hundred and thirty years, and had ע a son to him like (Shet, as Abel, ט brother of Cain), made in his image, and we ע it follows that before that time had not created in his image ... when he saw that through him the death penalty costs had become one hundred and thirty years of debauchery, ע cuts ties with his wife for 130 years, wears cool clothes for 130 ע years. This quote [R. Jeremiah] was made in reference to the seed that Adam uttered accidentally. "

('Erubin 18b) Comparing

' Erubin Shabbath 18b and 151B with the song from the Zohar:" She wanders into the night, harassing the children of men and pushing them to become impure "(19b), it seems clear that this Talmudic passage indicates a union between Adam and Lilith.

female demon Lilith as a figure from Adam met

A source in the story that describes Lilith as the first female figure seen by Adam ט The Alphabet of Ben-Sira, named Yeshua ben Sira (second century BC.) but in reality א ט was written by an anonymous author in the tenth century AD [6]

The book is told that Lilith, while at first ProVoc ע Adam, then was spiritually ע won by the latter and leaves the Garden of Eden. As evidence of the superiority א moral and ethical, spiritual and wisdom of mankind demons, which are known as the world dell'impurit א the other side, ט wrote:
Wikiquote 'She said' no star ע under you, 'and he said' And I do not ע lie beneath you, but only on . ט be suitable for you just below, while I am made to be on top. "


Lilith ע ruling infuriated the name of God [7], took flight and abandoned ע the garden of Paradise, taking refuge on the shores of the Red Sea. Lilith leaves ע Heaven on their own initiative, before the fall of man and not touching the Tree of Knowledge was not condemned to mortality א.

After Lilith ע mates with Asmodai [8] and various demons who finds ע over the Red Sea, creating an endless generation of Jinn. Adam asked God to bring Lilith back, so three angels, called Senoy, Sansenoy Semangelof and were sent to search for it. When the three angels found Lilith, enjoined to return the death threats, she said she could not have come back to Adam after he had relations with demons and that it could die because immortal. But when the Angels threatened to kill the children she had borne with demons begged them ע not to do so promising that he would not have affected the descendants of Adam and Eve, if only they had pronounced the names of three angels. [9]

I previous order of the Alphabet of Ben-Sira is unclear. ָ a collection of stories about heroes of the Bible and Talmud, and could be a collection of folk tales, a refutation of Judaism, the Cristianit א, or other separatist movements. Its contents appear to be offensive about the Judaism of the time, some believe that it is a satire of anti-Jewish [10]. Handed down by Jewish mystics of medieval Germany. Becomes widely known Lexicon Talmudicum Johannes Buxtorf the seventeenth century.

The myth of Lilith as Adam's first wife, is resumed in the thirteenth century in what became a canonical text of the literature post-Talmudic, the S ט fer ha-Z ע har or "Book of Splendor," written by Shimon Bar Yochai, or, as others, by an anonymous Castile, or even by Moshe de Leon. The Z ע har ט a collection of speeches, some laconic and obscure, other flowers and with a particularly inventive vocabulary that reinterprets and reinvents the tradition, sometimes inspiring the doubt sometimes giving the impression of facing reality א deep and terrible. Absolutely no sistematicit א ט was seen by many as the mystical Jewish text ש more closely to their feelings.

Mesopotamian origin

There ט one earlier tradition in which the figure of Lilith Jewish can ע point out, there are at least three, one linked to a demon of desolation and drying associated with the wind and that the name "Lilith ", one linked to a demon of destruction and death, the third, the most noble in origin ש, Ishtar or Astarte (or if we are to worship the Mother Goddess of femininity א) that the Jews worshiped the same at the beginning of their history, as witnessed in the Bible ט [9].

Mythology Sumerian-Akkadian

Lilith is identified with ki-Sikil-lil-la-KE4 woman demon in the Sumerian language and appears in the story "tree huluppu" whose protagonists are Gilgamesh and Inanna [11].

Inanna is a tree on the banks of the Euphrates that huluppu ט uprooted by water erosion, it takes one to plant in her garden with the intention of using wood to make his throne and his bed. But after ten years, when the tree ט grown ע can not be used.
Wikiquote (EN)
"Then a serpent who Could not be charmed
Made ITS nest in the roots of the tree-huluppu. The Anzu-bird September
His young in the branches of the tree.
And the dark maid Lilith built her home in the trunk. "
Wikiquote (IT)
" So a snake that can not be enchanted ע
made its nest in the tree's roots huluppu
Anzu bird set his young in the branches of the tree and the virgin
Black Lilith ל building his home in the trunk. "
(from" the tree huluppu [12])

Inanna, the young goddess who loves to smile at this point cry, cry cats and dogs but does not resolve the situation. Call to help her brother Gilgamesh with a prodigious force hits the snake in the roots, the Anzu bird and then flees with his young to the mountains and cos ל Lilith, toward the wilderness. The passage of Gilgamesh

mentioned above, ט been used by some [citation needed] to bind to the relief of Lilith Burney, a pottery (1950 BC), Babylonian, which depicts a naked woman with wings, with claws instead of feet and flanked two owls. Acquired by the British Museum in London ט title Queen of the Night (Queen of the Night), a similar survey and about the same period in the Louvre in Paris ט (AO 6501).

Mythology

Babylonian Babylonian mythology has highlighted three classes of evil spirits [13]: *

Devils - have the same nature of the gods and produce storms and disease.
* Ghosts - souls of the dead who wander the earth without finding peace.
* Demons - human beings for half and half א א divine.

Lilu, Lili Ardat Lilitu and form a triad of demons, mythology Mesopotamian ט often formed by divine triads, the demon male ט Lilu, Lili Ardat Lilitu female and young daughter. Lilitu of the Thompson says that the devil ט that man creates on the bed during sleep [9]

The "Lilith Prophylactic" Arslan Tash (Aleppo National Museum) dated to the seventh century BC (some consider it a fake [citation needed]) indicate a creature resembling a sphinx and a female wolf in the act of devouring a child, with an inscription indicating the phonetic sphinx as Lili. The association with owls ט difficult to date, and could be due to the association of the bird seen as a nocturnal bloodsucker spirit.

The other components of the myth

But the Jewish Lilith is not derived from a single correspondent, other figures, a component of the symbol. ט Lamassu the demon half woman and half-cow, the female counterpart of Lamashtu, the famous winged bull with human face bearded Assyrian iconography. The Lamassu becomes the Greek Lamia [14]. His only presence meant destruction and the image was used as an apotropaic symbol to strike terror and to protect the city א and buildings. But the feature of irresistibilit א of feminine charm comes from Ishtar (Sumerian Inanna) known to the Jews by the Syrian Astarte which was practiced sacred prostitution. Cos ל ב h as the Canaanite Asher, who is venerated as a goddess in the first instance by the Jews themselves [9]. ָ in this step, the prohibition of worship of a deity א women, we can read the element of femininity א rebel in Lilith, where the imaginary beauty, fecundity א and femininity א come together to revive a figure until then only a symbol of death and devastation .

Christianity and Bible translations

Even in Christian circles is Lilith responsible for the deaths of babies is justified cos ל numerous deaths in the first 20 days of life. [Citation needed] Geronimo of Cardia translated Lilith with lamia, a monster Horace (De Arte Poetica liber, 340) describes as a witch who steals children, similar to the Breton Morrigan, in Greek mythology instead ט described as a Libyan queen that mates with Zeus ע. After Zeus had abandoned Lamia, Hera ע rub the children of Lamia and Lamia ע takes revenge by kidnapping the children of other women.

owl translation of the grating version of King James Bible ט unprecedented. Apparently an attempt to make the bleak atmosphere of its passage by choosing an animal comparison, however difficult to be translated from Hebrew as "owl" (yanšup, probably a water bird) and "great owl" (qippoz, ש more properly a snake) .

Translations pi ש recent include:

* owl of the night (Young, 1898)
* monster of the night (ASV, 1901, NASB 1995)
* torment of the night (RSV, 1947)
* creature of the night (NKJV 1982 , NLT 1996) neo-pagan Religions


Stubby
ט This section only a sketch.

In recent times risen to the Lilith ט א dunk symbol of femininity the arrogance of male patriarchal culture, so it is particularly seen in the culture of Wicca [citation needed].

Performances

As is indicated as a woman of beauty superhuman which ט impossible to resist is portrayed [citation needed]:

* covered with hair, but lacked the hair full, as was customary in the areas in the Middle East
* with hooves instead of י feet, clear symbolism to its link with the moon, sometimes the tail has a siren
* occurs only at night
* has long red hair, curly blue leather

* * * fiery eyes
wings, after having acquired spoken the secret name of God
* ט immortal, having left Eden before God deprive humanity א א dell'immortalit

Lilith in 'modern imaginary

Note: These examples are based on somewhat mythological figure discussed above, examples where the name was borrowed without relevance to the myth.

* The title of Lilith Fairy was taken from the legend of Lilith as Adam's first wife, honoring modern imagination as a feminist icon.
* In the late nineteenth century, the Scottish Christian author George MacDonald incorporates the story of Lilith as Adam's first wife and predator of Eve's children in a mythological fantasy novel in the Romantic style. The figure also describes how in need of divine redemption.
* The Chronicles of Narnia, CS Lewis, the main antagonist, the White Witch, is described as a descendant of Lilith.
* In the game Vampire: the Masquerade, it is said that Lilith had been his sister and lover of Cain and Abel (and because of Abel's murder).
* In the book The Diary of Professor Abraham Van Helsing, published by Allen Conrad Kupfer, Lilith is mentioned with different names such as Malia, Lamia or Lilitu and ט a vampire. ש is more frequently mentioned that he was incredibly charming and had the power to control men with the power of his gaze. This is outlined with red eyes and long hair curly red. In the book, the vampire has the power to control nature (or, rather, some animals like wolves and bats).
* The concept album of Virgin Steele Visions of Eden Lilith ט א a deity that has contributed to the creation and ט was the first wife of Adam.
* Lilith appears as a succubus in Aleister Crowley's De Arte Magica
* In the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion, in extreme depth א Terminal Dogma-general of the headquarters of NERV, Lilith appears as a giant being: his hands are nailed to a cross like that of Christ and his abdomen pierced by the Spear of Longinus ט. * In the comic
Gea di Luca Enoch ט This triad of the demons Lilu, Lilitu Ardat and Lili, who plot against the human race for the possession of the Earth.

Literature

In Goethe's Faust Lilith is in the Walpurgis Night:
Wikiquote Faust, but the one who ט?

MEFISTOFELE: the Lilith ט
FAUST: Who?
Mephistopheles: Adam's first wife,

He is warned by her beautiful hair
From the splendor that only the capacity. Make
that has captivated those with a young man, want
And there before you leave. "




In Italy ט Primo Levi to write in Lilith and Other Stories, set in a death camp. Wikiquote
"God ט left alone, as happens to many, could not resist the temptation and took a mistress ט: you know who?" She Lilith, the Devil, and this was a scandal unprecedented ט. "



Dead Sea Scrolls

The appearance of Lilith in the Dead Sea Scrolls ט discussed more [citation needed], with an indisputable reference in the" Song for a scholar "(4Q510-511), and a more promising allusion found by A. Baumgarten in "The Seductress (4Q184).
The first and irrefutable Lilith reference in the song appears in 4Q510, fragment 1:
Wikiquote "And I, the Master [lit. Instructor], do hereby proclaim His glorious splendor so ל to terrify and terrorize all the spirits of the destroying angels, spirits of the bastards, demons, Lilith, screamers, and [desert dwellers] and those that fall on people without warning to make them swerve from a spirit of understanding and to make their hearts and their [-] desolate during the present dominion of wickedness and predetermined time א humiliation for the children of light, through the fault, the ages of those who are afflicted dall'iniquit א - not for eternal destruction, but for an era of humiliation for transgression. "


Linked to Isaiah 34:14, this liturgical text attempts to take the distances from the presence of entities א supernatural evil and at the same time demonstrates familiarity א with Lilith, unlike the biblical text, however, this step does not have social-political in any program, but serves as Exorcism (4Q560) and Song of the Demons Missing (11Q11) so as to be including in some spells, comparable to the relief of 'Arslan Tash considered over-used to "help in the protection of the faithful against the power of the spirits." Send cos ל ט, א for a community "deeply involved in the realm of demonology," an exorcism hymn.

Another text discovered at Qumran, usually associated with the Book of Proverbs, appropriates the myth of Lilith in his description of a dangerous woman and the attractive- Seductress (4Q184). The ancient poem-first century after Christ, but much more plausibly ש-old woman describes a treacherous and continually warns the reader of the dangers of an encounter with her. Usually the woman described in the text ט matched to a "strange woman" of Proverbs 2 and 5, and for good reason, the parallel ט immediately recognizable:
Wikiquote "Her house sinks into death, and follow

leads to the shadows.
All those who follow
can not return And find again the paths of life. "

(Proverbs 2:18-19)
Wikiquote" Her gates are gates of death, and the entry of the house


departs to Sheol. No
entering א never will come back,
and those who have come down the abyss. "

However, there ע that this association does not consider are the further description of the" Seductress "of the Qumran that can not be associated with the" strange woman "of Proverbs, for example, horns and wings," a multitude of sins ט in his wings. " The woman described in Proverbs ט no doubt [citation needed] a prostitute, or at least its representation, and one of those communities with which the text was familiar א א. The "Seductress" of the text of Qumran, in contrast, can not ע have represented a threat given the existing social features א the ascetic community in question. Otherwise, the text of the Qumran uses the image of Proverbs to present a threat ש more extensive and supernatural, the threat of the demon Lilith.

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Sorat

Sorat or Surat, whose root is Srt / SVRT, according to the 'esoteric is the demon sun, as opposed to the principle of the Christ.

Rudolf Steiner described it as belonging to the category of spirits called Asuras in Vedic texts and the hierarchical level of Archa, and identifies it as the beast with two horns of the Apocalypse of John.

SVRT, vocalized as Surtr Surtur or in the Norse tradition (Edda, Völuspá), is characterized in a similar way, as head of the giants Fire Muspellsheimr (the Germanic equivalent of Asura), that will burn this world to Ragnarok.

interpreted by the Kabbalah, the sequence consists of SVRT Samech / Vau / Resh / Tav is not random, but well determined by the meanings of each of these letters, which, among others, correspond to the four bodies which constitute the human being second Theosophy, with maximum current SVRT as an opponent of 'human evolution.

In gematria, their numerical values, or 60/6/200/400 give the sum 666, the "name of man" Apocalypse of John (13:18).

Sorat is variously quoted, for example, see Agrippa De Occulta Philosophia Nettesheim and works Rudolf Steiner (GA96, GA101, GA174 and others). In demonology is a figure distinct from Lucifer (the Devil) and Ahriman (Satan), which belong to different hierarchies and lower order [citation needed]. Its action leads man to black magic.

A vocalization of Vedic Srt / SRST is attributed to archaeologists as Sorath area of \u200b\u200bGujarat known for the civilization of Harappa, an official from the River Sarasvati in the past and that, more correctly, has the current name of Saurashtra. The shape

Sorat (or Sorath) is known variously related occult groups and is also the name of a German hotel chain and characters of RPGs.

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Cherubino is a kind of angel, present in Christianity, Judaism and Islam.

I Cherubini, according to the classification of the angelic hosts - are placed "beyond the throne of God," a metaphorical expression to indicate the extreme closeness to God and his power, are placed to guard the light and the stars. It is believed that, even if they were removed from the real plane and material men, the divine light that they filter down from the sky can still touch lives. [Citation needed] According to the written tradition

have four wings and four faces, or a human, a cow, a lion, and finally an eagle, while classical iconography and art, are represented with human faces, often young people or children, of rare beauty and splendor. The Cherubim are considered

devoted to protection. They stand guard Eden and the throne of God

Their degree among angels is uncertain, but are still places in the First Sphere. Some believe them to be an order of angels, others believe them a class above every other angel. [Citation needed] The Cherubim have a perfect knowledge of God, surpassed only by God's love of the Seraphim.

As for the name of the Cherubim, it reveals their power to know and contemplate the Deity, their ability to receive the gift of light and to contemplate the highest dignity of the Divine Principle Members of his pot


Cherubini Cherubini known or assumed names:

* Azazel Beelzebub

* * * Berith
Cherubiel
Lauviah
* * * Maroua
Ophaniel
Salikotal
* * * Shamsiel
Zophiel

Heraldry

In heraldry, the term Cherubino is used to indicate the head of a putto, in majesty, supported by two wings: in this iconographic as the cherubim are often depicted by the Italian pictorial tradition. Some heraldic emblems of civic stranger was the cherub with wings incrociate.enza original, their ability to fill the gift of wisdom and communicate without envy, those second-order ...

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Domination Cherubim (angels)



The ancient tradition is not clear whether the term domain used by Paul of Tarsus in Colossians (1:16) was used to refer to rulers of nations and men, rather than an angelic hierarchy. Instead, it is absolutely certain that the Dominions in Christian thought from entering by the Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (fifth century). In fact, in the "celestial hierarchy" (8:1) the Pseudo-Dionysius used this name for a category of "celestial intelligences" free of any association with things low and towards the whole time and then be sovereign over Angels, Archangels and Thrones. Shortly afterwards, in the "Homilies on the Gospel" (sixth century), St. Gregory the Great argued that humans are able to control themselves in every evil instincts are close to the ranks of the Dominions (34:11). The medieval iconography characteristic of this hierarchy with a sphere and a scepter in the hands of each angel. As reported by Giordano Berti seen in the "afterlife" (Mondadori Illustrated Books, Milan, 1998, sv "Kyriotites"), a collection of esoteric tradition Agrippa (1533) gave Angel Zadkiel or Tsadkiel, the supremacy of this order, corresponding to Hashmallim Judaism and Sefira Hesed (love). New ideas on this angelic hierarchy were developed by the founder of anthroposophy, Rudolf Steiner (1909), who argued that the Dominions, or "Spirit of Wisdom", accept that the Throop bring so-called "down from the universe" and place it in harmony with the new celestial body that is being born. The new age tradition



Starting with anthroposophical ideas, the followers of the new age have developed new ideas that deviate from both the Christian tradition and from the Kabbalah. What follows is a clear example of these ideas. The Dominions have the task of regulating the duties of lower angels, receiving orders from the seraphim, cherubim, or directly from God, and must ensure that the cosmos is always in order. It is with extreme rarity that the dominions themselves physically to mortals. Instead, they quietly affecting the details of life. They are the angels to whom God entrusted the Dominion forces. They make up the army of the Apocalypse and they depend on the universal order and iron discipline to which the angels are intended to keep it.

is possible that the name of the holy Dominions detector will show us the strength to rise, never surrenders, freed from lower yielding, they do not drop absolutely no discordant reality and tyrannical than any degrading enslavement come as can be in communion with the eternal divinity of the Principle of Domination

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Hierarchy Angels, Archangels

According to Christian tradition of medieval origin, the angels are arranged in different orders, called Angelic Choirs.

The most influential classification was discussed by Pseudo-Dionysius in the fourth or fifth century, in the book De Caelestia hyerarchia. In this work, the author had indicated some passages of the New Testament, specifically Ephesians 6.12 and Colossians 1.16, on the basis of constructing a schema of three Hierarchies, Spheres or Triads of angels, in which each tree contains Order three or Cori. In descending order of power are these:

* First Hierarchy: Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones or Ophanim
* Second Hierarchy: Dominions, Virtues, Powers
* Third Hierarchy: Principalities, Archangels, Angels

During the Middle Ages, many schemes were proposed, some explaining or expanding to Pseudo-Dionysius, others suggesting completely different classifications. Here's an example:

* First Hierarchy: Seraphim, Cherubim, Archangels
* Second Hierarchy: Dominions, Virtues, Principalities, Authorities, Powers, Thrones
* Third Hierarchy: Angels

Some authors limit the thrones of seven.
Index


* 1 First Sphere Seraphim

or 1.1 or 1.2 Cherubini
or 1.3 * 2 Thrones
Second Sphere
or 2.1 or 2.2 Powers Dominions

+ 2.2.1 or 2.3 Powers and Authority

Virtue * 3 Third Domain

principalities or 3.1 or 3.2 or 3.3
Archangels Angels
* 4 References
* 5 References * 6 See also


First Sphere Seraphim


The Seraphim (from "Seraph") belong to the highest order of angels, enslave the role of guardians of God's throne and continuously singing his prayers: "Holy , holy, holy is the Lord of hosts! The whole earth is full of his glory. " It also said that surround the throne of God, singing the music of the spheres and regulating the movement of the sky as it is commanded by God, and give off a light so brilliant and powerful that no one but God's eyes, I can look. Four of them surround the throne of God, where they burn eternally in love and zeal for God are angels with six wings.

Many Christians believe that the Devil is a fallen angel and that once in Heaven was a Seraph, who believed the second in power to God Christians believe that the Devil was an angel of light before his sin against God A Unlike other Seraphim who had six wings, Satan has 12.

As for the name of Seraphim, it reveals their continuous and constant movement around the divine realities, the heat, the heat, the boiling of this eternal motion continuous, stable and firm, the ability to make like-minded subordinates, high energy, causing them to boil and stir until a heat the same as theirs, the cathartic power like lightning, nature and shining light that is never hidden, and that is unquenchable fugatrice each gloomy darkness.

The Seraphim are mentioned in the book of Isaiah 6:2-3

Cherubini
Two cherubs in a famous painting by Raphael
Two cherubs in a famous painting by Raphael
Main article: Cherubino. The Cherubim are over

the throne of God, are the guardians of light and stars. It is believed that, even if they were removed from the real plane and material men, the divine light that they filter down from the sky can still touch lives.

They have four wings and four faces, or a human, a cow, a lion, and finally an eagle. The Cherubs are considered to be those devoted to protection. They stand guard Eden and the throne of God

Their degree among angels is uncertain, but are still places in the First Sphere. Some believe them to be an order of angels, others believe them a class above every other angel. Cherubini I have a perfect knowledge of God, surpassed only by God's love of the Seraphim.

As for the name of the Cherubim, it reveals their power to know and contemplate the Deity, their ability to receive the gift of light and to contemplate the highest dignity of the Divine Principle in its original power, their ability to fill the gift of wisdom and communicate without envy, those second-order ...

They are mentioned in Genesis 3:24 and in the book of Ezekiel 1:5-11 and 10:8,12-15.

Thrones
Main article: Thrones. The Thrones

Ophanim or angelic beings are changing the shape and endless colors. Their job is to bring the throne of God to heaven in his name.

They are also described as intersecting wheel to other wheels, one of which moves back and forth, and the other moves from side to side. These wheels are equipped with countless eyes: this image is in the Book of Ezekiel, where the prophet Ezekiel describes a vision of heaven, the prophet does not describe explicitly these wheels like angels, but as objects or "living creatures" who have a spirit.

The Thrones are equal in equality, authority and power when compared with the Powers. However, they are politically, militarily and economically oriented, and their general concerns revolve around the world and to mankind. The thrones have greater authority than any other division of the world.
Paul uses the term
thrones In Colossians 1:16, but could refer to the thrones of the kings of the nations, instead of referring to angels.

As for the name of Thrones, very high spirits and sublime, it indicates that transcend these intelligences in every way pure vile inclination, which rise to the top so otherworldly, firmly draw back from any meanness, sit in full, so balance and well-founded, around one who is truly the Most High, who welcome what comes down from the divine Principle with a calm all immaterial, and, finally, that they are carriers of the Divine, eagerly open to receive your donations.

Second Sphere

Dominions
Main See also: domination (angels).

domination, are also known as Hashmallim, and have the task of regulating the duties of lower angels. They receive their orders from the seraphim, cherubim, or directly from God, and must ensure that the cosmos is always in order. It is with extreme rarity that the dominions themselves physically to mortals. Instead, they quietly affecting the details of life.

are the angels to whom God gives the strength of the Dominion. They make up the army of the Apocalypse and they depend on the universal order and iron discipline to which the angels are intended to keep it.

It should be noted that although the term is domination used by Paul of Tarsus in Colossians 1:16 may have been used to refer to rulers of nations and his men, instead of referring to angels.

is possible that the name of the holy Dominions detector will show us the strength to rise, never surrenders, freed from lower yielding, they do not drop absolutely no discordant reality and tyrannical than any degrading enslavement come as can be in communion with the eternal divinity of the Principle of Domination.



Powers The Powers are angelic beings of many colors, such as foggy vapors. They are the bearers of conscience and the keepers of history. The angels of birth and death are Powers. They are academically driven and concerned with ideology, philosophy, theology, religion, and documents belonging to these studies. The powers are our minds, a group of experts who serve as advisers and policy planners. Their task is to supervise the distribution of power to humanity, in their name. In the popular belief that the Angels are the decisions of fathers and advise them in the care of the family.

Paul uses the term power in the letter to Colossesi1: 16 and in Ephesians 1:21, but could be used to refer to the power of nations, companies or individuals, rather than referring to angels.

Group marble angels with the monumental cemetery of Staglieno
Group marble angels with the monumental cemetery of Staglieno

As for the name of holy powers, it reveals their equal position shared with the Divine Dominions and Virtues, the provision very harmonious in accepting God's gifts, the character of unearthly power and intelligent, that does not abuse its tyranny of powerful forces, turn for the worse, but which rises and raises subordinates with kindness towards the divine reality, which tends to assimilate the prince of the power source of all power, which reflects, as far as possible to the Angels ...

power and authority

These two types of angels are equal in power and authority. Powers develop ideologies where the authors write documents and doctrines.

Both are involved in the formulation of ideologies. However, the all-encompassing powers, where the authorities are focused on specific lines of knowledge.

Authorities are specialized in printing the ideas and the production of existing documents.

Paul uses the term power and authority in Ephesians 1:21. It could, however, relate to powers and authority of men, instead of referring to angels.



Virtues The Virtues, also called Fortresses, you are beyond the throne of God and are equal to the principalities. Their duty is to observe groups of people. Their shape is similar to the flashes of light that inspire humanity much like the Arts or Science,

The name of the holy virtues balance means courage and fearlessness in all activities, a courage that never gets tired of accommodating lights donated by the Divine Principle, which it is powerfully aimed the imitation of God ..

dispenser of grace, define the archetype in terms of quality specifications, the created element. Set out the characteristics of the element: attribute the shape, color, size, scent, temperature. From this moment on, the item is ready to go into the plane of matter, manifesting, be it a flower or a galaxy.

Third Sphere

Angels perform the function of Heaven's messengers.



principalities Principalities are angelic beings shaped like rays of light. They are beyond the group of archangels. They are the guardian angels of nations and counties, and anything that has their problems and events, including politics, military affairs, trade and exchange. One of their tasks is to choose who among humanity can dominate.

Paul uses the term principles in letters to the Colossians 1:16 and Ephesians 1:21, 3:10 but the term could refer to the principalities of the world, nations, counties, and society, instead of referring to angels.




Archangels Archangels are usually considered the second lowest order of the first sphere, these angels tend to be the greatest directors and administrators sent from Heaven. An archangel normally has a role of great importance to man. According to the Angelology Pseudo-Dionysius, however, the Archangels are just above the angelic order, that the Angels common.

The word "archangel" is used only twice in the books (but several times in the Septuagint): When referring to Michael the archangel Gabriel, referring to both cases.

The belief that Satan was a cherub before his fall from the sky is a more modern theory. This belief is based on the fact that: *

the cherub that fell was the King of the earth;
* the clash in the Apocalypse against the Archangel Michael seems to show that he was an archangel.

Some insist that the archangels are not divided into separate orders in the Catholic tradition but the archangels (Michael, Raphael, Gabriel and Uriel in some cases) are cherubim and seraphim in addition to being archangels. However, in any event, Archangel clearly implies a role in the first ball of the angels. Sometimes, Lucifer is also considered to be an archangel before his fall. Since the "second in command" to God, implies that it was still below the Seraphim.


Angels Angels belong to the lowest in the hierarchy of angels, and they are more familiar to men. as to oversee all occupations of men. Within the category of angels, there are differences of many types. The angels are often sent as messengers to men.

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Melek Taus

tā ʾ Melek Us, also known as "The peacock god" (in Arabic ملك طاووس) is the name of the central figure in the religion of the Yazidis.
Index

religious significance The Yazidis consider Melek

tā ʾ us like a benevolent angel that has redeemed his guilt, and has become a demiurge creator of the cosmos. After his repentance cried for 7000 years and tears filled 7 jars, which put out the fires of hell. MLK

The term can be read [1] and as Melek and as Malak. In Arabic and Farsi, Kurdish, Ottoman Turkish, Urdu, Pashto, Indonesian, Somali, Swahili Malik (pl. Muluk) means "king", while malak (pl. bad ʾ ika) means "angel." Tā ʾ U.S. can 'only mean peacock. The fact that the peacock is not present in places where Melek tā ʾ Us is revered is linked to the spread of Persian literature, which considers him a symbol of royal power.
There is also a hypothesis that the cult comes from India where the peacock is sedentary animal.
The Yazidi believe that the founder of their religion, Sheikh Adi b. ʿ Mustafa, was an incarnation of tā ʾ Melek Us. In paintings and sculpture Melek tā ʾ us is always rendered as a peacock. It is believed that the Yazidis are the only worshipers of a bird as the main deity. Unlike in other religions



Several branches of Christians, Muslims and other religions, identify Lucifer with Melek tā ʾ Us or Shaytan (Satan). Of course, when Yazidis say that their god is "the first demon" of other religions do not help to clarify the issue. The prohibition of the Yazidi to pronounce the word - the belief that God is blasphemous name - does not help the understanding of the phenomenon. According to the Kurdish linguist Jamal Nebez, the word "tā ʾ us" could come from the Greek and be connected to "Zeus" and "Theos" meaning "god." Melek Taus become "Angel of God," and it seems confirmed by the fact that the Yazidis themselves see Melek tā tā ʾ ʾ U.S. or US-and Melek ([1] p. 21). Hypostasis as divine.
Yazidis have suffered many persecution as a minority religion, and were nearly wiped out following several massacres. This led them to confuse them with the precepts of Islam dominant.

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In medieval Christianity the Seraph is one of the nature of angels, or heavenly spirits. Usually in a group, the Seraphim are located in the first angelic hierarchy and as such are appointed by Dante in Canto XXVIII (v. 99) of Paradise: the respondents are "holy fires" because the name comes from a Hebrew word meaning "fiery" .
Index

In the Book of Isaiah (6:1-3) there is mention of the prophet Isaiah's vision of a seraph:

I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, and his entourage filled the Hekhal. Below him stood the seraphim, each with six wings, and two of them covered their faces and their own two feet, while the latter two were flying.

In the vision of the prophet uttered the cry of the seraphim continually Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts: the whole earth is full of His glory.

This is the only occasion on which the term should be seraphim in the Hebrew Bible.

Serafini known or assumed names:


* * Abaddon Asmodeus Astaroth

* * Chamuel (Kemuel, Shemuel)
Jehoel
* * * Leviathan
Nathanael
* * Semyazza
Seraphiel *
Vehuel

Serafino is a term used in heraldry to denote the head of a putto, in majesty surrounded by six wings.

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The thrones

thrones, in the biblical tradition, is one of the nine choirs of angels. Their name comes from the throne on which they sit, they are those who manifest the justice of God, pure beings above all temptations. These angels do not come into contact with subordinate hierarchies. The Thrones reside in a region where the sky is in contact with the land and their command is Zaphkiel.Sono called "Facchini of God" have a halo. The only biblical description of these beings is stated in Ezekiel 1, 4-22.

Names Thrones known or hypothesized:

* Astaroth
Bodiel
* * * Focalor
Forneus
Gressil
* * * Murmur
Nelchael
Ophaniel
* * * Phenex
Purson
Raum
* * * Raziel
Zaphkiel

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Seraphim Angels Archangels

The term derives from the Latin angelus, itself derived from the greek ἄγγελος, Angelos, meaning sent messenger.

The Hebrew word for angel is more like מלאך, mal'ach, which has the same meaning.

angel in English is also used to אביר, abbir (lit. "mighty" in Psalm 78.25) for אלהים, Elohim (literally, "gods" in Psalm 8:5), and the dark אלהים, shin'an Psalm 68.17.

In Catholicism, angels are creatures of God, spiritual, incorporeal but personal (endowed with intelligence and free will) and, as a being visible, are those with the highest degree of perfection.

Their existence is a truth of faith confirmed by the Sacred Scripture and Catholic tradition. According to a definition of St. Augustine does not define the term angel being of the creature but the office or the task assigned by God in the Catholic Church

angels occupy a strongly Christological. They proclaim Christ, the servant, nor are messengers, they are created depending upon from the beginning of his reign.

Angels also have the function to assist and protect the Church and human life and that is why they are invoked in the celebrations and prayers of the faithful.

In the Bible, the Book of Tobit, says that the archangels are those who sit in the presence of God, we contemplate the glory and praise him unceasingly. The Catholic Church recognizes three archangels: Michael

*, etymologically "Greatness of God", is chief of the heavenly host. It was he who threw Lucifer out of paradise.
* Gabriel, "Strength of God", supposedly wrestled with Jacob (Fight with God, Genesis cap.32), breaking her hip, and gave him the name of Israel. Appeared to the Virgin Mary, announcing the birth of Jesus (the Annunciation).
* Raphael, "Salvation of God" is mentioned in the Book of Tobit, Tobias and accompanied on the journey to Mesopotamia to recover the money of the father, Sarah delivered by a demon and favored the marriage of Tobias with this. It is often identified as the ultimate guardian angel.

The Christian concept of angels goes back to the systematization that gave Dionysius the Areopagite in his work "De Coelesti hierarchy of" biblical dell'angelologia of the fathers of their church that divides angels into nine "choirs" those angelic choirs:

* Angels Archangels

* * *
Archai or Principalities Powers Virtues

* * * Thrones Dominions


* Seraphim * Cherubim

are 3 sets of angelic hosts, each consisting of three types of angels who had worked rules and specific tasks. Then there is an angel who has the task of destroying this world, is called Angel of the Apocalypse. In the tradition he was given the name of Nemesis, has black and one white wing and left without holding a sword blade which has in itself the power of good and evil. It is said that when the time comes, he will destroy the world with this powerful weapon. The ancient Greeks knew about these bands but we call them in other ways.

ISLAM

In the Qur'an, the holy book for Muslims, the debate about angels is often concentrated on two aspects: their nature and their role in relationships with men.

For Islam the existence of angels is an act of faith in the Quran there are three species of celestial beings with different functions and features. There are angels and demons genes. The former substance of light, and jinn and demons (shayāṭīn) have substance of fire. Differs in attitude towards the man. The angels are a category of the Qur'an particular within the celestial beings, unlike Christianity where there are only angels and demons. The jinn have an ambiguous role, sharing in a group (majority) more or less distinctly hostile to man and in a group (the minority) to him kindly, capable of protecting people and places. Among the latter is reminiscent qārīn, two invisible beings who act as "guardian spirits" (Muhammad is said he had two, one negative and one positive, and that he was able to convert to Islam as hostile). It is characteristic of the jinn can be Muslim (and benevolent) or non-Muslims (and therefore hostile to man).

Angels are mainly responsible for leading men towards God, faith in bringing the land, indicating the way forward to achieve the ultimate prize. The mission of the angels, however, is always determined by the will of God, even if the angels, as in Christianity, play a role of "intercession with God for men.

Judaism

The Universe, according to the Hebrews, is inhabited by two categories of beings: angels and humans. A lot of news about the angels are in the teaching of the rabbis, the angelology not create it. A court of heaven, with God the King and an army of ministers around him, is described in the Bible angels are mentioned as servants of the Most High. The fundamental reason dell'angelologia rabbinical is not to be intermediaries between God and the world, since there is no need for such intermediaries. The real purpose of it was the glorification of God So the primary task of the angels, for Jews, is to honor God but also to carry messages to the people. Do not play, then, a function of intercession for men, but of submission to the will of men aged Dio.ngeli earliest date back to ancient civilizations of the Hittites.

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The etymology derives from the Latin "In Judaism archangelu

There are no explicit references to archangels in the canonical texts of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). Usually there are more general terms to angels, from the Pentateuch in which they appear in the stories of Abraham (which meets three angels at the place called "the oaks of Mamre," which announced the birth of the long-awaited son, Isaac), Jacob (who, according to tradition , wrestled with an angel) and Lot (who was warned by an angel on the grounds for the construction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah). Then to step up their presence in the later books such as Daniel and Tobias. The earliest references to archangels in the literature of the period you have inter-Testamental

According to Rabbi Simeon ben Lachish of Tiberias (230-270 AD), all the specific names of the angels were taken from the Jews from Babylon. For

rabbinic tradition, the Kabbalah, and according to the book of Enoch [2], the usual number of archangels is to be given at least seven, which are the focal angels. The three highest archangels are commonly identified as: Michael, Raphael and Gabriel. There is confusion about one instead of the eight names later, whereas one is not really an archangel. These are: Uriel, Sariel, Raguel and Remiel (possibly the Ramiel Apocalypse in the Book of Baruch, said to preside over the true visions), Zedkiel, Jophiel, Haniel and Chamuel. In Christianity


Orthodox Icon of the seven archangels. From left to right: Jegudiel, Gabriel, Selaphiel, Michael, Uriel, Raphiel, Barachiel. Under the almond of Christ are represented Cherubim and Seraphim.
Orthodox Icon of the seven archangels. From left to right: Jegudiel, Gabriel, Selaphiel, Michael, Uriel, Raphiel, Barachiel. Under the almond of Christ are represented Cherubim and Seraphim.

The New Testament rarely speaks of angels, and makes only two references to archangels: Michael in Jude 1.9 and I Thessalonians 4:16, where the "voice of an archangel" is heard at Christ's return. Contrary to popular belief, the archangel Gabriel is never called in the Gospels.

Late Christian tradition, but nonetheless, there are three archangels: Michael, Gabriel and Raphael often, sometimes Uriel is given as the fourth archangel. The Orthodox mention "Seven Archangels." Uriel is included, and the other three most often cited are Selaphiel, and Jegudiel Barachiel.

Satanel Sometimes considered a fallen archangel who originally had the name of Lucifer The Morning Star, instead of just Lucifer.

Some Protestants see as the only archangel Michael, the only explicitly described as such in the Protestant canon of the Bible [3].

Since the canonical Bible never mentions Raphael, the Protestants do not consider him an Archangel. Raffaele, however it is mentioned in the Book of Tobit, one of the Deuterocanonical books. In the story, Raphael comes to help Tobit, healing his blindness, and his son Tobias, guiding and saving it from a demon who wanted to kill him. Raphael also plays an important role in the book of Enoch.

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus was the archangel Michael. From this point of view, Michael is the first and greatest of all God's creatures This, simplistically, is motivated by the Bible mentions only one archangel by name, Michele precisely, and in the book of Thessalonians (4:16) says about Jesus: "For the Lord shall descend from heaven with a command, and with the voice of an archangel."

In this archangel mean head of the angels rather than the head angel, and how this title would be close to the beginning using Daniel [4].

Christian theologians, both Catholic and Protestant, have agreed to identify, in the Old Testament, the angel of the Lord (singular) as a foreshadowing of Christ, then a theophany

Nell 'Islam
Israfil (Iraq, 1280)
Israfil (Iraq, 1280)

include Islam, the archangels Michael and Mikhail (Archangel of substance), or Jubril Gabriel (archangel of revelation that takes the Koran to Muhammad), or Ezrail and Azrael (Angel of Death ) - a common name; comunquesia, never mentioned in the records. The names that are mentioned include the Angel of Death or the Malak-Maut, or Israfil Israfil (archangel who is reported the Day of Judgement), Malik (The Guardian of the Underworld), Munk and Nakir (Angels of question that will query the souls of the dead on their lives before death) and Radwan (The Guardian of Heaven). Raqib or 'Atid is the angel who holds the memories of every person's life, whether good or bad. Israfil Ezrail and are never mentioned in the Koran as the rest Nakir and Munk, never mentioned as archangels both the Qur'an and other Islamic writings, however, is emphasized in Islamic texts as the angels are sexless. Other Traditions



esotericists sometimes associate archangels in Kabbalistic tradition and the various seasons and elements, or even colors. In some magical ceremonies the four main archangels (Michael, Gabriel, Raphael and Uriel) are invoked for the four directions, and correspond to colors associated with magical properties.

In the teachings of Rudolf Steiner, there are four spirits that belong to the hierarchical level of the archangels. In general, their duties are to inspire and protect large groups of people, as nations, peoples or ethnic groups. This distinguishes them from the angels, instead of dealing with individuals (guardian angels) or small groups. The seven archangels are called major from San Gregorio: Anael, Gabriel, Archangel Michael, Oriphiel, Raphael, Samael, Zachariel and associations have special reference to the Zeitgeist Time (Spirit), each period corresponds to 380 years. The four main archangels are also associated with the four seasons: Raphael (spring), Uriel (Summer), Michael (Autumn) and Gabriel (winter).

not always the archangels were considered "good" in various religious traditions and esoteric, and someone gets to name a few as collaborators of Ahriman / Satanael. Their aim would be to alienate humanity from the spiritual world, to promote materialism, and encourage the exclusive use of the mind, denying the role of emotions and human feelings. It should be added that of course the traditional and religious understanding, but often esoteric, angelic levels of consciousness or "Archangel" rarely manages to escape the limiting assumption that these entities are categorized according to common categories dualistic type of good and evil. In this regard it is useful to compare with different ways to interpret these "higher entity" that has gradually emerged in the vast panorama of the "New Age.

In art, archangels are often depicted with wings containing many eyes. Some the most represented are Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, and Metatron Uriel.s "(from the greek and αρχάγγελος, Archangel), composed of the Greek words" árchein (αρχέιν), to control, and "Angelos" (άγγελος) angel.

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The whole vampire

VAMPIRE

"The true vampire is horrible to see. Skinny and hairy in the waking state, it becomes, well-fed when lying in his coffin, fat and swollen to bursting. The fresh blood drips from the mouth, nose and ears. Her skin is glowing and his fetid breath. "
(Roland Villeneuve, vampirologo and demonology, in Loups-et garous vampires - werewolves and vampires)

This quotation, taken from Roland Villeneuve, is in turn picked up by Prospero Lambertini, aka Pope Benedict XIV, in a text of the eighteenth century. As you can see this description of the figure of the vampire has something repugnant and abominable that deviates far from the literary and cinematic tradition which we are accustomed today. Also widespread in the nineteenth century, this vision, however, was destined to be forgotten thanks to the success of some major authors of the Gothic novel, which at that time began to find fortune throughout Europe.

The gentleman vampire, the charismatic figure, with a strong aura that attracts to itself the victim without too much effort, was born in 1819 when the physician John Polidori he published his short novel The Vampyre, whose protagonist, Lord Ruthven, was obtained from the beloved / hated Lord Byron. From here on the vampire in literature, got more and more success, through Carmilla, the vampire Le Fanu, and Varney, vampire classic animated files in installments, ending with the highest pinnacle of the genre, that Bram Stoker's Dracula, which merged into whether some elements of European folklore and part of the literary topos of the time, creating a perfect and while the original topic and timeless and exciting adventure.

etymology of the name
Vampires, as handed down by tradition, are the dead who come back from the grave to suck the living life essence (preferably the blood). The word vampire has Slavic origin: due to the root-pi, magician, sorcerer, and the Lithuanian verb wempti, drink, suck. Vampir called in Croatia and Serbia, in Bulgaria wampyr, upiór in Poland upir in Russia, are distinguished not only names but also the characteristics and modus operandi for a long time were considered far from being a fantastic match of legends lost in time.


THE ORIGINS OF MYTH
Drawing of a vampiroLe origins of the vampires are as old as the world itself: there are many, in fact, the archaeological findings that indicate how old was the fear of vampirism. For example, in many prehistoric burial remains have been found on the body probably planted with stones to prevent the dead back from beyond. The oldest vampire text that you are aware, then, is a Babylonian tablet in the British Museum on which is engraved a magic formula that is used to protect against demons sucking blood, etimmé.

In ancient Jewish tradition then this is the Aluka (bloodsucker), a creature that attacks the travelers who got lost in the wilderness is no coincidence between the precepts of the Torah, there is also a ban on drinking the blood of vehicle 'vital essence of living beings, you probably remember the old fears vampires. The same biblical figure of Lilith, the demon that takes Assyrian Lilitu, was a kind of demon succubus (a female version of the incubus, demons from the spectral shape rather than body). Before and evil wife of Adam, Lilith in the Jewish tradition is considered the mother of all vampires: like all slaves, is greedy of human semen and this comes at night in bed with men drain their life force. From Lilith also take the Lilin, who suck the blood of children. According to tradition, if a baby smiles in his sleep during the night of the Jewish Sabbath, it is said that Lilith is playing with: to save, the rubs his nose three times and say the phrase inaugural Adam, Eve, Lilith out! .

Even the Greeks and Romans had their own vampire mythology, vampires mostly represented by women, who joined with some European shamanic tradition. The lamia, for example, queen of the slaves, is a sort of witch, who sometimes appears in the form of a beautiful girl, sometimes as an old woman sometimes even look like an animal, preferably a snake-headed woman. In ancient Rome, then, there is also the stix, direct ancestor of the Italian industry and Strigoi Romanians. The Stix, the shape of a bird of prey and bloodthirsty, who was drinking with a long, sharp beak, is thus described by Ovid: It is said that

strazino
infants and children still full of blood guzzling
They have a gullet name of owls: because of the name is that usually at night
horribly screeching


Another girl was the lethal empusa that for a particular charm, looks like a beautiful girl, when in reality hides monstrous and repulsive features (it has a foot bronze statue of a donkey dung). How mormos, vampire a bit 'more pleasing, were at the service of Hecate, goddess of the night, dark magic and protector of witches.

James Robinson describes it thus in the Vertigo miniseries Witchcraft:

Hecate. Queen of Darkness. Queen of the night. She who has three bodies and three heads. Virgin, mother and older. Heaven, earth and hell. Artemis, Diana, and Proserpina. One who has no name. Queen of the ghosts.
Queen of witches.


And get to the first vampire story: back in Philostratus Life of Apollonius of Tyana the story of young Menippus who saves his master from Apollonius empusa a terrible plots, using a loose tongue and lots of imagination. Testimonials

even more important on the undead come to us from ancient Rome guide to some Flegone Tralli, freedman of the emperor Hadrian, who tells the story of Philinnio (which was revived in poetry by Goethe - read on- line translation of Benedetto Croce - that the environment in Corinth and was likely source of the story of Arria Marcella Théophile Gautier), a young dead coming back, with the consent of the gods, for the love of a young, machetes. The young woman is discovered by his parents, and this meeting brings her death, it seems permanently, but the population turns to the essay that Ryllus

ordered them for any reason that would allow the body to Philinnio was relocated in the tomb, but make sure it was immediately incinerated in a far away place, outside the city walls.

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The origins of Wicca

Wicca (shown for the first time in public by Gerald Gardner, 1884-1964) is proposed as the ancient pagan religion before the advent of Christianity, turning into a cult devoted to the worship of the evil is still the Witchcraft is often associated and confused with the "Satan" and the figure of the Witch evokes many fears related to the image of an evil being dedicated, voluntarily, to the "evil".
Witches are not devil worshipers, as dictated by the Church, but wise knowers of the rhythms of nature, and custodian of the ancient tradition Pagan, Witchcraft is a belief spontaneous, the Witch (man or woman, without distinction) followed their instincts and practice rituals, parties which recognizes, are rooted in nature and its cycles.
The ancient pagan wisdom has spanned the centuries up to the present day, in small groups, families or circles in solitude in the ancient wisdom has always continued to be transmitted and the rites were celebrated in secret defiance of persecution. And in fact the persecution partly explains the scarcity of historical documents.
In its origins, at least for the direct influence on the movements of modern magic, is the American author Charles Godfrey Leland (1824-1903).
Leland spent many years in Europe, dealing with enthusiasm to Italian folklore, in which he saw the survival of Etruscan and Roman religion.
According to the biography of Leland in 1888, was initiated into a cult of witch-Romagna Tuscany by a woman that he would always identify with the name of Mary Magdalene.
This woman had handed over a manuscript in Leland, where he would later stretch "Aradia, the Gospel of the Witches", published in 1899
The text presents two different versions of the myth of unity of the primordial goddess, Diana, with its equivalent " solar, and brother, Lucifer, Aradia was born from their union, set to come to earth to teach the magic arts-related witchcraft. Many rituals and ceremonies did not come down to us intact in modern witchcraft, and are not adopted, or only partially, by groups, such as nude dancing, and occasionally joining sexually during the ceremonies.
Witchcraft that is normally associated with a cult hit once by the Inquisition, in reality has nothing to do with Satanism, but is contrary to the survival of the pagan cult, primarily associated with Diana and a God with horns ( easily, but erroneously, identified with Satan), which revolves around the celebration of four great sabbath-Beltane (April 30th), Halloween (October 31 ).... etc. .., the celebrations connected with the equinoxes and solstices and " Esbat.
If the research of Leland, and others (v.Murray, Graves) provide a foundation myth of modern witchcraft, the real founder is to be seen in the figure of Gerald Brosseau Gardner (1884-1964).
According to his version of an ancient tradition was started by a woman who sorcerers used to be called "Old Dorothy", he would be thrilled to witchcraft to the point of wanting to disclose openly, although the laws of the British weather is bad again.
Mask then some rituals, as a novel, High Magic's Aid (1949), it also seems that Gardner was in possession of a Book of Shadows, which contained the rites of the group from which it was begun. Doreen Valiente said he believes Gardner to replace a number of texts taken from Crowley with other Aradia, Leland and other sources considered more traditional and tied to pagan worship.